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CAS No.: 7385-67-3; Nile red. PROPERTIES: Nile red is a lipophilic stain with molecular formula C27H34N2O and molar mass 402.6 g/mol. It appears as reddish-brown powder with strong fluorescence under UV light (excitation ~470 nm, emission ~570-600 nm). The compound is highly soluble in organic solvents like chloroform (>50 mg/mL) but poorly water-soluble. Recommended storage is at room temperature in amber glass vials. Safety considerations include using chemical-resistant gloves and working in fume hoods due to its potential to cause methemoglobinemia upon excessive exposure. APPLICATIONS: Nile red is predominantly used in fluorescence microscopy for lipid visualization. In cell biology, it stains intracellular lipid droplets and membranes, as detailed in Cytometry imaging protocol articles. For environmental microbiology, the stain enables rapid identification of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, with Applied and Environmental Microbiology publications describing its application in oil spill bioremediation research. In materials science, Nile red assesses surface hydrophobicity of polymers, as reported in Macromolecular Materials and Engineering characterization studies. Additionally, researchers utilize this stain in studying amyloid fibril formation, with Biochemical Journal articles outlining its role in detecting -sheet rich structures through characteristic fluorescence changes.