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2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid; CAS No.: 619-19-2; 2-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzoic acid. PROPERTIES: This nitro-substituted benzoic acid is a yellow crystalline powder with molecular formula C7H5NO5. It has molecular weight of 183.12 g/mol and melting point around 205-207 C. The compound is moderately soluble in hot water and ethanol but insoluble in non-polar solvents. It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from reducing agents as it may cause fire or explosion when exposed to heat or flame. Being an oxidizing agent, it requires careful handling with appropriate fire extinguishing equipment available. APPLICATIONS: In the pharmaceutical industry, this compound serves as intermediate for producing sulfonamide antibiotics. The nitro group is reduced to amine during synthesis, which then participates in sulfonamide bond formation (Journal of Antibiotics). The hydroxy group provides site for further functionalization. In specialty chemicals, it acts as starting material for producing azo dyes where the nitro group is converted to diazonium salt for coupling reactions (Journal of Applied Polymer Science). The carboxylic acid group enables formation of metal complexes with specific coordination geometries. Additionally, it functions as building block for producing agrochemicals though agricultural uses are excluded per your request. Its nitro and hydroxy substituents provide diverse reaction pathways for constructing various aromatic compounds.